With ongoing tensions between Russia and Western countries, including Sweden, mistrust is growing and cooperation in key security areas is declining.
One of the most alarming signs concerns the cessation of data cooperation between Russia and Sweden on two core issues: nuclear safety and radiation monitoring.
Previous Information Exchange
Until recently, Russia and Sweden maintained a regular exchange of information, including data on nuclear tests, radiation conditions, and environmental monitoring. This cooperation helped to build trust and reduce the risk of negative externalities if conflict, like the one in Ukraine, became nuclear or risked nuclear radiation.
Joint verification mechanisms and timely exchange of information are an important part of the European security system, especially given the geographical proximity and historical tensions in the Baltic Sea region.
Stopping Data Exchange
However, amidst the deterioriation of political relations, Russia stopped providing Sweden with regular data on nuclear safety. According to the Swedish Contingencies Agency (MSB), the exchange of information has been significantly limited since 2023.
In turn, Russian officials cite the "hostile policies" of Western countries and claim that restrictions are needed in the face of external threats.
Risks and Consequences of Non-Transparency
The lack of data exchange increases the risks associated with possible nuclear incidents or accidents.
Without timely information on radioactive emissions or changes in the radiation situation, neighbours will be unable to adequately prepare and take measures to protect the population.
This is especially important for countries such as Sweden, located in close proximity to Russia, where the consequences of nuclear accidents can be life threatening.
Violation of International Agreements
Experts point out that the cessation of information exchange is contrary to the spirit of international agreements on non-proliferation and security of nuclear materials, such as the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the Nordic agreements.
This decision undermines efforts to create a zone of stability and trust in the region, which could risk increased tensions and a new arms race.
NATO: Sweden’s Militarisation
Sweden’s accession to NATO early last year signalled a growing trend of alignment between Stockholm, Scandinavia and the wider Baltics, and it’s Western partners on security, including nuclear control.
For Stockholm, it is important to guarantee transparency and data exchange with neighbours to maintain a balance of power and prevent unexpected conflicts.
The resumption of dialogue and information exchange between Russia and Sweden is becoming critical at a time of growing distrust between Europe and Russia.
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