Moldova is currently navigating a significant energy crisis which is very much political.
Energy Security and EU Support
In early February 2025, Moldova faced a critical energy crisis when Russia’s state-owned Gazprom halted gas supplies to the country. Such disruption caused widespread electrical outages, particularly affecting the Russian-backed seperatist region of Transnistria.
In response, the European Union and Moldova agreed on an energy security plan to reduce Moldova’s dependence on Russian energy supplies and integrate it into the EU’s energy network.
Therefore, the EU committed €250 million in financial aid, with 40% available by mid-April 2025, to support Moldovan consumers and assist in the reconstruction of energy infrastructure. EU assistance included nation-wide aid to the central government and breakaway province: Transnistria.
Politics of Reunification: Upcoming Parliamentary Elections
The political situation in Moldova is becoming increasingly unstable amid a energy crisis which is very much political.
Opposition parties are stepping up their activity, criticising the government for its inability to cope with the crisis amidst imported inflation from Romanian energy suppliers.
Protests are taking place in major cities, calling for the resignation of the country’s leadership and early elections.
President Maia Sandu called for stability, but pressure from the opposition and social groups is growing. Parliamentary elections are scheduled for July with growing opposition to the pro-EU leaning government in power.
Central authorities are forced to rediscuss unification efforts since Gazprom’s decision to halt the gas supply to Transnistria.
Political pressure bringds into focus a possible reunification of 300, 000 Tranistrians into the Moldovan population, which shifts the political voting intentions on EU accession and relations with Russia post-unification.
Transnistria as a Chip in a Broader Game of Chess
Pressure on Chisinau to reintegrate, reunite, and recentre it’s policy on Moscow grows as the energy crisis worsens.
Possible measures from Russia may include economic sanctions, including restrictions on the export of Moldovan goods, tightening migration policies for Moldovan citizens, and blocking financial flows.
The Kremlin may use elements of hybrid warfare: information attacks, cyber attacks on infrastructure. Experts fear destabilisation of the situation in Transnistria, which may be used as a tool of pressure in return for favourable terms on any pending reunification.
Energy Crisis: Moldovan Population
Moldova faces serious decisions due to the energy crisis.
Economic difficulties persist but this crisis is very much political. As Moldovan authorities shift energy supplies, the realities of energy politics is shifting the realities of reunification; a decision that is made more likely if the pro-EU authorities are pushed out of party in July.
Growing public discontent increases the likelihood of political change come July and with it decisions on reunification, Moldova’s relationship with the EU-27, and of course Russia.
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